Overview Of The Communication Process Information Technology Essay

Overview Of The Communication Process Information Technology Essay Communication is a learned skill. We must learn to speak as well and communication effectively even most of us are born with the physical ability to talk. There are various ways to understanding the verbal and nonverbal meanings thru our speaking, learning and ability skill. We learn the basic communication skill by observing other people and modeling our behaviors based on what we see. We also taught some communication skill through education, by practicing skill and having them evaluated. In simple terms, communication can be defined as an action. Communication not only in written form or oral, even a gentle touch or a knowing look can also communicate a message loud and clear, as can an angry slap or a hard push. Take an example: babies communicate basic wants through crying. It does not include language and dont have to be vocalized. It is just a simple transmit information from one person to another person. It must have a message that being transferred from sender to receiver in every instance of communication. The sender and receiver must have some words, signs o signals in common with each other to make sure for the communication to be success so that message can easy to deliver and understood. Communication is also a two-way interaction between to parties to transmit information and mutual understanding between themselves. The interchange of information from one party to another is best when a discussion available, it can makes the communication easier because the receiver can ask questions and receive answer to clarify the massage. 1.1 Communication Process The communication process is the guide toad realizing effective communication. Effective communication leads to understanding, it is also opportunities to become more productive if that follow the communication process. Sender and the receiver take place in the sharing through the communication process. Communication process is a set of steps that will undertaken in an organization while every time formal communication. It is helps to ensure that your stakeholders are kept regularly informed. The communication process is made by four key of components. Those components include encoding, channel, decoding, and feedback. Sender and the receiver are also the two other factors in the process. The communication process begins by the sender and ends with the receiver. Noise in the communication process is any kind of interruption which can disturb the communication. 1.1.1 Sender (encoder) Sender is the boss who release the message originated. The sender must stat to encoding in order to convey meaning. You also need to be confident in the information that you communicate is useful and accurate. A positive attitude of the communicators and the meaningful symbols select by the communicators are the factor that will determine how effective the communicator will be. 1.1.2 Encoding Encoding is the process that transferring the information you want, and correctly decoded at the other end with the form of communicated. Ability of convey information clearly and simply, eliminate and anticipate sources of confusion will deeply affected whether success or not of your encoding. Knowing your audience is a important key part of encoding, result in delivering messages will be misunderstood if your are failure to understand who you are communicating with. 1.1.3 Channel (medium of transmit) Channel means use to convey the message with non-verbal and verbal interaction. The sender uses some kind of channel to begin transmit their message. The effectiveness of the different types of channels fluctuates depend the characteristic of the communication. Most channels are letters, memos, emails, reports, meeting, telephone and videoconferencing. There are different strengths and weaknesses of different channel. For example, oral communication channel become more effective when immediate feedback is necessary, because it can be cleared up on the spot of an uncertainties. So that select the appropriate channel will greatly assist in the effectiveness of receivers understandings. 1.1.4 Decoding Decoding is performed in receiver side in the communication process. Decoding is once the message is received and examined, the stimulus is sent to the brain for interpreting, in order to assign some type of meaning to it. The receiver will correctly interprets the senders message is the communication takes place successful. 1.1.5 Receiver (decoder) Receiver is the person who simply receiving the message. Communication will only successful when the reaction of the receiver is that which the communicator intended. All the interpretation by the receiver is influenced by their knowledge, perception, attitudes, experiences, skill, and culture. It is actually similar to the senders relationship with recoding. 1.1.5 Feedback Feed back is the reply we receive to the message sent. It may a request for further clarification, a responses oral or written feedback, and undesirable decision or a detailed report. The sender cannot confirm whether the receiver has interpreted the message correctly or not without feedback. It also provides an opportunity for the sender to avoid the wrong action and to clarify a misunderstood message. 1.1.6 Noise Any things will interfere the understanding of communication also called as noise. In this instance, the message was not properly constructed and hence the secretary did not understand it as intended by the sender.  In any way, noise is any stimulus that will be interferes with the communicators ability to achieve the understanding. The ways to ensure the intended audience to receive right message A good communication skill can ensure the intended audience to receive the right message and it can reduce the misunderstood on message receiver. There have some effective ways to ensure the intended to get a right message: Completeness: The message must be complete to bring the desirable result. You must understand what is the reader wants or needs and you must also provide all the necessary information to answer the entire question. You can also give some extra information when desirable. Comprehensive and Conciseness: Eliminate the wordy expression, must avoid needless filter words and phrase. Inside the communication, you must include the only relevant materials, dun want include any un-relevant information to confuse the message receiver. Concreteness: Add the flashed word picture, made facts vivid into the communication. Try to add some specific facts and figure try to attractive the message receiver. Some more can put the action into your verbs. Clarity: when communication to someone, make sure u are clear about your goal or message. Try to minimize the number of ideas in each sentence. Make sure your sentence is easy to understand your meaning. Correct: Make you are fits to your audience when you are in communication. Conclusion You have to apply a communication process if you wish to communicate formally within an organization. The communication process is the perfect guide toward to achieve an effective communication. Certain barriers may present in the communication process and it may bring the negative impact on the process. By the way, you can get the feedback on the communication which have take place and it can be entre that future communication are improve. Successful and effective communication within an organization stems from the implementation of their communication skill if they follow the communication process. All members within the organization will avoid the barriers and can be improved. Communication skill is important because it can avoid the wrong message you send or receive. 2.0 Introduction A good communication between the firms and the customer is quite important. It may direct influence the popularity of the product. So there are important on which kind of advertising will you choose to promo your business. Select a right media for one to send out your message is an important step to developing your sales and marketing plan. The right media for one business may be wrong for another. Dubway is going to launch at Ipoh area. Dubway is an American restaurant, primarily they sells sandwiches, salads, and personal pizza. Target market of Dubway at Ipoh will be the people who wake up early can hope to buy a healthy breakfast quickly. As the product manager of the first Dubway of Ipoh, Im choosing the methods, the mediums and the vehicles that i would use to communicate with our target audience to persuade them to buy our product. 2.1 Advertising medium Advertising medium is the media variable to carries the advertisers message to the consumer. This is the vital connection between the product or services and the customer who willing to buy it. Usually a plural term of media is describing channel of mass communication. A common advertising media will be magazine, radio, television and newspaper. Example of other communication vehicles: direct mail, billboard, transit inflatable, blimps, balloons, interactive, fax and satellite. 2.1.1 Print Media Print media is the most effective way to disseminating the information of advertisement to the masses. Example of print media: newspaper, flyer, brochure and magazine. An advertisement in print media can reach a wide number of people in a given geographic to get the information because it is high reader involvement. In general, print media is a slightly better opportunities to catch the readers attention. But it will be not effective if your advertisement in a not obvious page or design. 2.1.2 Electronic Media Electronic media is the mode of electronic transmission. Its include television, radio, internet, CD-ROMs, DVD, cinema and etc. Electronic media of internet are unlimited distribution at little or no cost. These are also in a lower barrier to entry for content creators compared to traditional media. It can also let the huge number of people to get the information. It also provided the creativeness for the firms who want to make an advertisement. 2.1.3 Transmit Media Transmit media can be defined as a out-door media. Its may include the bus, cab, airplane with the advertisement poster, a balloon with the brand name and color or etc. But this kind of advertisement cant transmit the detail of information to the consumer. 2.2 Dubway advertising thru newspaper Dubway will choose to advertising about their information in newspaper. There are few advantage of advertise on newspaper: A reasonable cost when the firms make an advertisement in newspaper. They can also depend the price or the structure of their firms, their budget to decide the advertisement size and placement within the newspaper. This is the cost effective advertisement, its allows you to reach a huge number of people in a given geographic area. Advertisement through newspaper let the firm enjoy the high effectiveness but lower cost compare with other advertising media for example: television and magazine. Advertisement at newspaper also can unlimited exposure by firms, readers can go back to your message again and again if so desired. Usually take an advertisement at newspaper, they will free help in creating and producing and copy is usually available. Newspaper also a quick turn-around to helps the firm advertisement reflect the changing market conditions. The advertisement of firm will decide to run today can be in the customers hand in one to two days. 2.3 Dubway advertisement Dubways main product will be the sandwich. Dubway uses Eat Fresh as their slogan and there are explain how the every sandwich freshly and baked dough. Each sandwich also made by the fresh ingredients and they are exact specification in front of their customer. Now a days, most people are take care about their healthy, fast food may put into the list of rubbish food in majority people who so care about their health. So that the concept of Dubway is try to change the opinion of the people. Eat fresh be the slogan of Dubway, it try to let the people who can enjoy the healthy, full of nutrient, fast and nice food. They have a lot of choices at Dubway such as steak and cheese sandwich, meatball sandwich, roast beef sandwich, turkey breast and ham sandwich and etc. Coca-cola, Pepsi, Coffee and etc drinks also available at Dubway. Any photo makes customer has their choice to decide what flavor they likes, then, these photo should be colorful and looks freshness. However, these photos supposed to be attractive from customer. Use some of words to advertise such as eat fresh, that compare with McD or KFC will be more attractive. Because of customer prefer the food freshness. some more the name of every flavor let customers have their easier. Eat fresh this slogan is to obviously promo the product with the fresh ingredient. The nine picture of sandwich is the most popular order from customer. 2.4 Conclusion Advertising is one for the important things that present product or services of the firms. Advertising helps to keep the consumer informed about the any new product are available and trying to make a connection to the potential consumer. It helps to spread awareness about product or services that are use to consumer and potential buyers. In a successful business, advertising play an essential and important role. Advertising can increase the sales of product and service. In other way, advertising also increase the popularity of your product or services.

Managing Diversity and Ethics in the Workplace Essay

Introduction There steps leaders and managers can take to effectively manage diversity and ethics concerns. How a manager effectively manages ethics and diversity, within the organization is directly correlated to the cultural, organizational and external environment influence ethical behavior. One of the step’s leaders and managers can take is to incorporate diversity training of the organization. This big step puts the organization on its way toward maintaining a well balanced diverse organizational culture within a company. When it comes to managing diversity in the workplace, there are many attributes that go into a successful training session. (Jones, 2011, p. 164), â€Å"managers can take steps to change attitudes and values and promote the effective management of diversity.† Diversity training within an organization is an effective step in changing the values and promotes the effective leadership and management of diversity within the organization is a big step towards mainta ining a well balanced diverse organizational culture within a company. Every leader of an organization implores and implements different diversity training tactics. Some companies have strict diversity training seminars that include power point presentations with a set of rules for do and don’t. Other organizations implement an more interactive method with diverse groups as a means to also reap the benefits of a diverse workforce: For example: at â€Å"Sodexo and Principle Financial Group† (Jones, 2011 p. 143) â€Å"Sodexo encourages managers like Ron Bond to interact with diverse groups to gain a better appreciation and understanding of their experience.† Sodexo acknowledged and understands that when diversity is manage effectively organizations can benefit the organization as a diverse workforce bring, diverse perspectives, points of view, experience and knowledge. Sodexo also provide their employees with extensive diversity training, which encourages managers to be mentors and interact with diverse groups. According to Sodexo web site they â€Å"At Sodexo we work around five pillars – gender, generations, disability, ethnical origins and LGBT – to foster a culture that embraces differences and celebrates unique ideas, perspectives, experiences and talents.† As we strive to challenge stereotypes and disseminate the business case for diversity, we believe it is crucial to train all managers and employees.† (Sodex 2012). â€Å"Sodexo USA’s diversity learning strategy offers awareness training and skills building labs on topics ranging from generations in the workplace to cross-cultural communications. Following the U.S. example, a program designed to heighten awareness, building skills and provide tools for managing within a diverse working environment were launched throughout Europe.† (Sodex 2012). An organization such as Deloitte & Touche, â€Å"have instituted a program to encourage minority suppliers to complete for its businesses, and the firm sponsors schools and colleges that supply a stream of well-trained recruits.† (Jones, 2011, p. 145). According to Google’s corporate website on diversity, â€Å"The Diversity training is designed to ensure our employees have the awareness, skills and knowledge to build and retain the workforce to fuel Google globally. Our diversity education programs includes all aspects surrounding employment that aim to create a culture of inclusion with a focus on improving recruitment strategies and techniques for identifying high-value diverse talent† (Google 2010). Google also says that â€Å"At Google, we are committed to a supportive work environment, where employees have the opportunity to reach their fullest potential. Each Googler is expected to do his or her utmost to create a respectful workplace culture that is free of harassment, intimidation, bias and unlawful discrimination of any kind† (Google 2010). The website goes on to say that employment at Google is based solely upon individual merit and qualifications directly related to professional  competence and is not based on the basis of â€Å"race, color, religion, veteran status, national origin, ancestry, pregnancy status, sex, gender identity or expression, age, marital status, mental or physical disability, medical condition, sexual orientation or any other characteristics protected by law† (Google 2010). This tells us that Google treats everyone equally, and gives them the same opportunities as everyone else. Equality challenging for diversity stakeholders and executives is getting the leadership team to realize and implement that things have changed harnessing cultural diversity through training increase productivity as such must be a major part of an organization. (Jones, 2011 p. 165) demonstrates number organizations are implementing programs within the organization that requires interaction. One of such organizational program whereby top managers spend time performing the same work duties as employees to improve and understand the challenges employees face was DaVita Inc. DaVita Inc., is a major supplier of kidney dialysis service, in the U.S. and while the three top seniors executives have never worked in a dialysis clinic, exchange work places and now work three days in the clinic. The executives were provided with a better insight and understanding of the nature of the technicians jobs, along with the how emotional the job is and the effects on the technicians. There is no better way to understand diverse group than interaction, joining together at certain times in order to interact and communicate. Leadership of Teams Essential important when implementing a change of the organization core values, and goals is to form a top management team. (Jones, 2011 p. 499). Top management teams are the ones responsible for developing diversity training methods and a strategy to implement the training within the organization in order to achieve the organization goals. Top management teams, are normally compose to a diverse group, with knowledge, expertise and experience in stressing diversity. As cross-functional top management team the members are comprised from the various departments within the organization as a formal group. The top management as a formal group, come together to form a cross-cultural team, by following the five stages of forming a group, as group role is to set the behaviors and task. One of the behaviors for diversity training is that the members of the  team to lead by example, in demonstrating ethical and social responsibility. By treating employees based on skills rather than age, sex or race. The integration of leadership exercises in diversity training programs will help employees realize the importance of this attribute within the organization. There are many reasons as to why there must be a diverse team of leadership from top management from different backgrounds, ethnicity, age, gender, or education so that the company can integrate points of views from people from different walks of life. In diversity training, employees would be made to realize that anyone can be a leader regardless of age, sex or race. Leadership skill workshops can be introduced at the work place to educate employees and encourage them to cultivate these skills. Many people confuse management and leadership to be the same thing. There are many people from diverse backgrounds who are managers. Management focuses on establishing detailed plans and schedules for achieving certain results, then providing resources to accomplish the plan. The jobs need to be filled with qualified individuals who understand the direction of the company. Leadership, on the other hand, creates change, often to a dramatic degree. Leadership calls for creating a more efficient or imaginative process for a future vision. While there are some managers who are leaders, there are some who are not. Being both a good manager as well as a good leader is a balance between learned concepts of leadership as well as inborn traits of a leader. One reason that leadership in diversity training is necessary is because people from different backgrounds have different life experiences. These life experiences gives character, and their character is what determines what kind of leader they will end up being. For example, a potential leader will show strong characteristics like drive, energy, determination, self-discipline, willpower and a need for excellence. On the other hand, a person with weak character will show none of these traits. Their traits will be disorganized and random, and they will attract no followers. To be an effective leader, one must be trustworthy and ethical. A supervisor or manager at a company will only be well liked and looked up to if his employees trust him. In any organization, a leader’s actions set the pace and the way a leader behaves if closely watched and noticed by his employees. This behavior wins trust, loyalty, and ensures the organization’s  continued prosperity. One of the ways to build trust is to display a good sense of character composed of beliefs, values, skills, and traits and to not be discriminatory towards people. In diversity training tactics, it might be helpful to pair those with leadership potential with other leaders from different backgrounds so that they can learn the qualities of being an effective leader from each other. It might also be interesting to note how leaders from different backgrounds and ages tackle problems. There are many ways of b eing a leader, and people with different life experiences will tackle problems in a different way, depending on the situation and their background. For example, leaders like presidents of countries operate differently from leaders of companies. In diversity training, perhaps an exercise could be undertaken that makes the employee chose a scenario and act as a leader in that scenario in order to explore different types of leadership. Diversity training workshops should also focuses on crucial leadership traits that may be of use within the organization. One leadership trait is the trait of courage. Leaders are usually unafraid of taking on challenging tasks. They display a confident calmness when under stress and plan out strategies in order to overcome obstacles in their path. People from minority backgrounds should take particular interest in this trait because they are working to get ahead in a world where they are a minority. Another example of a leadership trait is justice. Good leaders treat everyone fairly and display empathy by being sensitive to the feelings, values, interests, and well-being of others. They are non-prejudiced towards their employees and clients and make everyone feel like their voices are being heard. For example, a manager at a board meeting hears both sides of a story before deciding on a course of action. Leadership seminars are particularly important in companies with many diverse employees because leaders build a foundation in their organization, as well as build a sense of trust with their employees. In a company, the leader or manager has to make sure the culture of the organization is positive and that the work flow is productive. The most important person in shaping an organization’s culture is the leader of the organization. A leader at the executive level is the main source for the creation and implementing the culture and everything it stands for. The leader originally decides what the core values of the organization will be, how they will go about their business and what rules they will follow. He is in charge of shaping the culture and managing it. An understanding of the diversity within the organization and the knowledge of how to mold different people together it is a necessary skill for leaders trying to achieve a strategic outcome. Along with the diversity and culture of an organization, potential leaders must also pay attention to the climate of an organization. The climate is the feel of the organization as well as the individual and shared perceptions and attitudes of the organization’s members. The climate of an organization represents the beliefs about the vibe or feel of the workplace by the employees. This individual perception of the way the organization feels comes from what the people believe about the activities that occur in the organization. These activities influence both individual and team motivation and satisfaction and the employee questions the actions and principles of the leader. These directly relate to diversity because sometimes people are unsure of how to treat other at times due to the difference in religious beliefs or opinions. If a leader outlines a general code of conduct for all employees that takes into account everyone’s beliefs and expectation, a negative climate situation can be avoided. The climate of an organization should bring about a feeling of assurance to the employees; so that they know that they are doing things right and behaving appropriately. Leading Change and Managing Conflict Managing conflicts within the organization today requires the type of leader that is able to communicate and collaboration when working with a diverse workforce. Conflict is a an inevitable part of any organization, as goals of shareholders, managers and employees are more than often incompatible. (Jones, 2011, p. 566). When there is a crisis within an organization, a leader needs to be able to rise to the occasion, and bring out extraordinary leadership qualities by first determining what type of conflict is involved such interpersonal, intra group, inter group and interorganizational, understanding these various types of conflict and how they differ helps a manager deal with the conflict. Moreover a manager needs to understand the source of the conflict, whether it seem from different  goals and time horizons, overlapping authority, and/or task interdependencies. When a manager is able to discern the type of conflict and source he can focus on a fair consist distribution of justi ce equability. By cultivating leadership skills in employees, people from different cultures and backgrounds begin to trust each other because they are all leaders and they view themselves as equal to one another. The leadership aspect of diversity training should also outline how to be a respectful, unbiased leader when it comes to other cultures and ages within the organization. Employees observing a leader do not look at the traits or attributes of a leader, rather, they observe what the leader does in order to decide whether their supervisor really is a good leader or not. They use this observation to tell whether the leader is an honorable person or a self-serving person who discriminates against other people or misuses their authority in order to get a promotion. Self-serving leaders are not as effective because their employees only obey them, not follow them. On self-serving leaders, often give employees â€Å"The feeling of being separate, which is characteristic of leaders, is different from narcissism. The leader is aware of boundaries and distinguishes the inner and outer worlds, fantasy and reality, self and other people. Career-oriented managers are more likely to exhibit the effects of narcissism than leaders. While busily adapting to their environment, managers are narrowly engaged in maintaining their identity and self-esteem through others, whereas leaders have self-confidence growing out of the awareness of who they are and the visions that drive them to achieve Diversity training companies also helps cultivate relationships between the people of the organization. Organizational conflicts is a discord that arises when there is a diverse workforce who are incompatible, where goals, values and interest differ, which cause blocks and attempts to thwart each other work performance. Diversity training that address conflict management strategies focuses on conflict resolution diversity awareness, sources of conflicts, job rotation, and temporary assignments. These strategies focus on the whole organization. A Top management team position, as the leader has to make sure his employees are working togeth er as a team. Doing their share of the work, getting along with people and working well with others are all part of teamwork. A leader or manager has to make sure that  his employees are not only meeting these goals, but also motivating them to go one step ahead of these goals to increase productivity. Introduction of these concepts in relation to diversity will help people from different backgrounds work together towards a common goal. Teamwork training exercises in diversity training are important for employees who want to advance to a leadership position, as teamwork is one of the key things managers look at when determining leadership potential. Employees with leadership potential see team effectiveness as a leadership opportunity. They realize that they will achieve more by working through and with others, that they will get more done with the active support of colleagues. These exercises will also help to harbor good relations between people from different walks of life. Finally, leadership seminars motivate minorities to do better. In recent times, minority employees have been underestimated when it comes to handing out leadership positions. One reason for this is that some minorities do not think that they are capable of being leaders because there have been so few minority leaders in their organization. They do not go for higher positions because they think that they cannot get them. By organizing leadership seminars, minorities can see that they are good enough to be leaders because they are not different from any other race, culture, gender or age group around them. The leadership seminars will help them learn about their own skills as well as inculcate new ones within them so that they go for their goals. CONCLUSION Leadership is an important attribute that should be more focused on in diversity training workshops. Leadership leads to teamwork which is an important factor in an organization. Making sure that employees get along and that no one is discriminated against is a leader’s job. If everyone is taught about leadership and how it works, people from different backgrounds will gain the confidence and skills required to advance within the organization. Leadership seminars will also help to inspire people and prevent a negative cultural climate from occurring between people from different backgrounds. Activities like leadership role switching and scenario leadership can help cultivate teamwork and leadership among employees. Bibliography Jones, Gareth R. and George, Jennifer M. Contemporary Management. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill Irwin, N.Y., N.Y., 2011. Sodex (2012) Sodex and Principle Financial Group. Retrieved from http://www.sodexo.com/en/commitments/diversity-inclusion/actions/training.aspx July 20, 2012 Google (2010). Google Diversity and Inclusion. Retrieved from on July 20, 2012.

A Brief Note On Welfare And Related Expenses - 1254 Words

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Personal Information On Social Media - 756 Words

Social media allows people publish and share text, photos and videos, and it is generally contains profile with personal information. When children s news posted on social media, it can be seen to a worldwide audience if the parents forget to check the privacy setting. It sometimes brings troubles due to the kid s limited capacity of dealing with the consequences of the disclosure about their images, such as commercial exploitation and identity theft (ALRC Report 108, 2008, pp.2221-2236). In February this year, Sydney Morning Herald released a news about Sydney PR queen Roxy Jacenko who oversharing her four-year-old daughter on social media, the exposure of the photos triggered someone s attention and photoshopped it into sexualized images and circulated via social media. She reported the matters to police and cried for the damage, but thing was happened, once the images has been shared and retweeted, it is hard take those off the social media. 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