Worldwide Recycling Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Overall Recycling Comparison - Essay Example At first, it was intended to guarantee that glass bottles were come back to the significant refreshment vender around then which as Coca-Cola. In any case, it inevitably turned into a custom that is utilized on all holders with so much achievement. Mannonen (2013) states that presently, Finland reuses right around 100 percent of the refillable glass holders. All things considered, a solitary glass contain can be utilized to multiple times. This is higher than some other country on the planet. Plastic jugs are additionally reused and reused with the arrival rates remaining at around 90%. At the point when the plastic containers are utilized in remanufacturing, they spare crude materials as well as vitality since littler amount will be required. Aluminum jars are interminably being reprocessed. The jars are softened and utilized as crude material for new ones with five percent of vitality that could have been utilized when making them from the first crude materials being spared. The most recent incorporation to the framework are the glass compartments which are reclaimed for the crude materials. They are utilized really taking shape of new containers, modern ice and in the production of lightweight cement. Numerous outsiders who visit the country are on occasion amazed when the see local people baggage void jugs and holders to shops. To local people nonetheless, this is a piece of their everyday lives. At the point when they purchase drinks bundled in bottles, the value which they pay incorporates around ten to forty penny store. This store is offered back to the purchaser when they return the vacant compartment to the shop. The installment is done through the opposite candy machine. The accomplishment of this framework can be found in the high paces of profits. These arrival rates have infrequently been reached in different districts particularly when each of the three bundling media are included. The frameworks is observed by Palpa whose sole objective is to guarantee that the country rations its condition by keeping the compartments used to bundle

Report That Outlines a Problem That Faces an Anonymous Company

Question: Report That Outlines A Problem That Faces a How Anonymous Company? Answer: Presentation The undertaking is a report that diagrams a difficult that faces a mysterious organization X which is notable in handling milk for human utilization. The report is an accumulation because of a task that is completed by a gathering of understudy to decide association practices and the board concerning taking care of a difficult that emerges in an organization which has a few negative impacts, either to workers or clients (Porter, 2008). Furthermore, having an issue in an organization can bring about poor assistance conveyance, representatives who are not inspired and in actuality, loss of benefit to the organization. The report, in this way, examines a portion of these outcomes about models in plans of action talked about. The report likewise gives a brief review of the association yet doesn't uncover its name. This is with respect to what it does, the notoriety, its size and the way wherein it works. Ultimately, the report will give a portion of the proposals or rather recommendation that it needs to receive to ease it from the negative outcomes that are probably going to come because of the issue. The Organization Organization X is notable in preparing milk for human utilization. It is a brags about being in the market and ready to experience a huge increment in the quantity of laborers, resources, and income. Notwithstanding that, the organization is situated on a six-section of land real estate parcel which goes about as both as a preparing and a bundling site for the got and handled milk or milk items individually. With respect to January 2017, the organization recorded its representatives to be 2453 including top supervisors. In conclusion, it doesn't have branches that guide the organization in its activity. The Problem of the Company Poor correspondence is the difficult that influences the organization, both inside and remotely. In most association, correspondence is instrumental in handing-off data not exclusively to workers yet in addition to clients also. Correspondence, which comprises verbal and nonverbal, influences how an individual thinks, expressiveness and respectability. In the association, X, poor correspondence has brought about various negative impacts that subvert the associations goals. These incorporate yet are not restricted to expanded specialists turnover, expanded non-attendance, and poor client assistance which as a result have prompted the association losing a portion of its clients and dirtying its notoriety among faithful clients (Melville, Kraemer, Gurbaxani, 2004). In conclusion, association X poor correspondence creates incapable change in the board and prompts loss of benefit from the association. To begin with disappointed clients, the associations the executives is neglecting to prepare its workers on the most proficient method to appropriately convey to clients. As the association work involves cooperating with clients who convey milk to the organization for handling, poor correspondence makes some of them consider other milk preparing organizations who are well in business manners particularly concerning correspondence (Sayeg, Anthony, Perrew, 2004). As per an ongoing examination study, poor correspondence to clients brings about the age of terrible mentality from clients towards the organization, and in actuality, creates decline by a huge sum clients fulfillment. Also, as aftereffect of poor inside correspondence, explicitly from the top administration towards the workers, the association is rapidly enrolling an expanded number of representative turnovers. The top administration of the association direct negligible correspondence towards the lower representatives, and this has produced a situation where the supervisor is probably not going to comprehend what isn't satisfying or is upsetting junior specialists (Hill, Jones, Schilling, 2014). In this manner, the associations keep on losing representatives over issues that have all the earmarks of being reasonable for an expansion in pay rates or advancements. Watson Wyatt inquire about proposes that associations that keep up successful or rather great correspondence are likely, by 50 percent to enlist turnover norms that are beneath the organization normal as contrast with one that offers poor correspondence which is at 33 percent. Another difficult that outcomes from poor correspondence is an expansion in non-appearance. Research proposes that worker inspiration can be harmed because of poor correspondence, that which is ineffectual, obtuse and deficient. It is important that what decides if a worker comes to work each day or not is to a great extent subject to inspiration (Alvesson, HardY, Harley, 2008). In this respects, a portion of the non-appearance that the association countenances might be because of low inspiration from top administration on its workers. Research likewise demonstrates that if the representatives feel that they are completely educated, the nonappearance rates are very negligible. In conclusion, poor correspondence has a ramifications on change the board in that the nearness of it brings about insufficient correspondence. The outcomes are that it prompts a futile difference in charge. In present day times, there is the requirement for a difference in structure that involves a business. Notwithstanding, for a situation where there is no requirement for such pursue, there must be a director fit for influencing the critical opposition (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2006). Above all, the administration or administrators need to have great relational abilities to manage workers. In this manner, poor correspondence in the association can possibly cause contradiction between top directors and junior specialists. Poor Communication and critical thinking There are different ideas, models or hypotheses that chiefs use as a reason for dynamic. These incorporate however are not constrained to doormen five powers examination, Pest investigation or Swot examination. In any case, in this report, the gathering plans to us Portes five powers investigation as it seems, by all accounts, to be the most applicable of the three that have been referenced among the numerous that exist (Keller, 2001). To begin with, doormen five powers examination frets about breaking down dangers that exude from rivalry that is normal among with any association. Bartering capability of clients The bartering intensity of customers is also depicted as the market of yields: the limit of customers to put the firm underweight, which in like manner impacts the customer's affectability to esteem changes. Firms can take measures to reduce buyer power, for instance, completing an enduring news program (Wright, Goodwin, 2009). The buyer power is high if the buyer has various choices. Along these lines, administrators can distinguish defects in the association that causes the client to have an undesirable bartering power. In any case, compelling relational abilities must be utilized. Haggling capability of providers The haggling intensity of suppliers is furthermore portrayed as the market of wellsprings of information. Suppliers of unrefined materials, fragments, work, and organizations, to the association can be a wellspring of authority over the firm when there are scarcely any substitutes (Courtney, 2001). On the off chance that you are making bread rolls and there is only a solitary person who offers flour, you have no alternative, be that as it may, to get it from them. Suppliers may decay to work with the firm or charge excessively significant expenses for extraordinary resources. This is another approach to assess what should be corrected inside an association. Answer for the issue Initially, one way that the association can take care of the issue of poor correspondence is by grasping new advances. The cutting edge world is seeing a mechanical unrest, and as a result, new, quicker and productive method of correspondence (Loe, Ferrell, Mansfield, 2000). In this way, the administration needs to grasp and rally the representatives to grasp the utilization of messages or the association to put an entryway that will continue illuminating the individuals regarding new updates undoubtedly. Notwithstanding that, it is reasonable for top directors or the administration, as a rule, to set out a time span that it can convey to junior staffs. There are different ways this should be possible, for example, in the event that an issue emerges which is a consequence of poor correspondence (Jovarauskien?, Pilinkien?, 2015). It is prudent for the administration to sort out for a short notice for the equivalent, additionally, feature a portion of the plausible impacts because of the issue and the different strategies for taking care of the issue. Notwithstanding that, there can likewise be a game plan for the issue to be talked about in detail. Another technique that can prompt a powerful method of correspondence is by distinguishing and furthermore sharing both proficient and inadequate practices. The thought here is for junior staffs to pass on a message to senior staffs with respect to wrongdoing that has all the earmarks of being originating from the administration. It very well may be a troublesome errand in any association (Chochliouros, Spiliopoulou-Chochliourou, 2005).. Be that as it may, the lesser staff must address the issue in a decent way taking note of a portion of the explanation that why such a conversation is essential and of utilization to the associations. Notwithstanding that, it is critical to one to assemble information in structure through an overview so as to see the most significant focuses that can make consideration regarding the directors. Sharing information is a huge advance that can assist one with uncovering the appropriate issues that can create productive business exchange with the supervisors and top most staff in the association (Somers, Nelson, 2001). One such technique is the making questions and creating answers to the inquiries. For example, what characteristics can help in guaranteeing that the work is done in a beneficial manner? What are a portion of the practices that demoralize work progress? What are a portion of the manners in which that an individual can create to improve functioning as a term? Finally, appropriate correspondence needs support from inside the association. For a situation of junior staffs, they can upgrade their correspondence to top administration by coming up together to shape a gathering that is probably going to frame an eff

Live Kernel Patching System

Live Kernel Patching System This is partially a plug for a friend of mine, but its also a really cool system that I think some of you might like. Ksplice is system for automatically patching a Linux kernel without reboots. Jeff Arnold 07, MEng 08 developed this as his masters thesis, and today released the system to the Linux Kernel Mailing List (LKML). Ksplice requires nothing more than the currently running kernel source and the configuration settings, combined with a patch to the source code, to generate a kernel module which, when loaded, can be used to immediately patch vulnerabilities or introduce new behavior. As a maintainer of linux.mit.edu, the SIPB Linux dialup server, Jeff has in the past used Ksplice to keep this server up, which many people on campus rely on. This really has the potential to revolutionize systems administration for high-reliability systems. Butdont take it from me. Take it from Ted Tso 90. Ted is an active kernel hacker who, among other things, developed the ext2 filesystem, the basis for the ext3 filesystem, which is one of the major filesystems used on Linux today. Heres what Ted says in ZDNets article: Top kernel developer and Linux Foundation fellow Ted Ts’o said the Ksplice software is much needed by telecommunications providers and anyone who hates downtime. “It allows you to hot patch the Linux kernel with a security update without rebooting the computer. It’s a binary patch capability that is highly automated,” said Ts’o. “Users in the carrier grade linux space have been clamoring for this for a while. If you are a carrier in telephony and don’t want downtime, this stuff is pure gold.” The best part? It doesn’t require any kernel modifications, Ts’o said. (Heres the LKML posting: http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/669951)

ignorance and want - 875 Words

Set up against the rampant industrialization of the 18th century, Charles Dickens classic novella â€Å"A Christmas Carol† endorses the notion that all people have a responsibility to ensure the safety and welfare of every member of society. By taking his seemingly irredeemable protagonist Ebenezer Scrooge on an other worldly journey. Dickens intends to convey to the complacent classes of the age, the necessity of various traits that are essential in life, such as the responsibility for those whom are less fortunate and other vital traits such as charity, generosity and simply caring for others. Dickens warns the reader of the consequences that will follow if these lessons are not taken into consideration. Through the use of characters such†¦show more content†¦Dickens also uses his characters to endorse other lessons that he believed were essential in keeping Christmas ‘well’. Scrooge’s behavior in Stave 1 towards the two portly gentlemen and his rudeness displayed towards his ‘ruddy’ nephew Fred, encapsulates all the attitudesShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes A Society?1546 Words   |  7 Pagesand the bad. Because of their Ignorance. The worst of it all. To be horrible and not recognize it. That is why we need to educate. We need to change the paradigms of society, of education, it is disfiguring our past, present, and future. To change society, starting small is what it is needed. Because what you ll change actions does not change in what they believe in; ignorance. Education is what paves the way to a better future. One without the constraints of Ignorance and Prejudice. I am talkingRead MoreEssay On The Danger Of Ignorance In House Of Dark Shadows743 Words   |  3 PagesThe definition of Danger of Ignorance, states that â€Å"Ignorance is risky and dangerous. Ignorance can kill you! Lack of knowledge, stupidity and deception of yourself and others are all life denying and can destroy happiness and meaning in your life.† The theme of Danger of Ignorance perfectly fits the book, â€Å"House of Dark Shadows,† written by Robert Liparulo. This book focuses on a fifteen year old boy named Xander who moves to a small town called Pinedale, with his family. They find a big victorianRead MoreThe Characters Of Ignorance In Fahrenheit 451 By Ray Bradbury753 Words   |  4 PagesIn the novel Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, ignorance is depicted by most of the characters, such as Mildred and Captain Beatty. Their entire society is seen as narrow-minded and very ignorant and theyre forbidden to read books and be able to learn, therefore all th e information they know is from the news, which isnt always accurate. Society is set up that people have what they need to be considered happy. Things are told to people the way they want it to be known, and the peoples minds dontRead MoreThe Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald and Fahrenheit 451, by Ray Bradbury846 Words   |  4 Pagesknowledge. The pursuit of knowledge tends to take time and energy, two things we call invaluable, and it also shows us things that might depress us. Contrastingly, ignorance takes no time and energy. Also, (as the common saying goes) ignorance is bliss. It keeps ugly truths away from us. But that is no reason to forsake knowledge for ignorance. In the early 1900’s, two books were published that would eventually be referred to the pinnacle of classical literature. The Great Gatsby and Fahrenheit 451 bothRead MoreThe Miserable And Wretched Creatures Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Charles Dickens s A Christmas Carol1697 Words   |  7 Pag esMary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein† and Charles Dickens’s â€Å"A Christmas Carol† are all products of the same social and cultural forces, however one is more noticeably linked to these issues while the other is more abstract. The two child-like spirits, Ignorance and Want, serve as warnings to Scrooge that society will be littered with people ignorant and wanting like he is if he does not change his attitudes toward the poor. The relationship between Victor Frankenstein and his monster foreshadow the relationshipRead MoreReview Of Fahrenheit 451 Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pagescover† (Bradbury 155). This is most relevant to modern day society due to the fact that people tend to judge others by their appearance. In this case, Montag tended to judge a book how others believed they should be treated, but never did his society want to take a challenge onto their puny lives just like how Guy Montag did after realizing the real significance behind bo oks. Ray Bradbury’s compelling novel, Fahrenheit 451, is about a fireman, Montag, whom is trying to seek happiness, and freedom byRead MoreOedipus The King Character Analysis1429 Words   |  6 Pages Prabesh Adhikari Mrs. Long-Goldberg Honors World Lit/Comp 26 September, 2017 Ignorance Can Lead to Great Agony Plays were of great importance in early Greek culture. Plays were the main source of entertainment, and one of the most prominent examples is Oedipus the King written by Sophocles. The drama is uplifted by the character development and excellent structure Sophocles has put forward. Interactions between characters and each character’s motivations generate brilliant themes throughoutRead MoreJohn Rawls s Theory Of Justice1558 Words   |  7 Pagespolitical structures that are designed by society for its citizens. He considered his theory as a guide to preserving social justice and individual liberty. In this essay, I will explain Rawls philosophy on the principles of justice, the veil of ignorance and provide my criticisms to his theories. A society should be well organized and beneficial for its citizens because a well-ordered state is â€Å"when it is not only designed to advance the good of its members but when it is also effectively regulatedRead MoreRay Bradburys Fahrenheit 451 Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesIn Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury uses the life of Guy Montag, a fireman in a near future dystopia, to make an argument against mindless conformity and blissful ignorance. In Bradbury’s world, the firemen that Montag is a part of create fires to burn books instead of putting out fires. By burning books, the firemen eliminate anything that might be controversial and make people think, thus creating a conforming population that never live a full life. Montag is part of this population forRead MoreDystopian Society In 2 B R 0 B1232 Words   |  5 Pagesdepartment. Through this dreary image of a society, one character gives insight to the true nature- the painter, a nameless character who se role in the story is to paint a mural. The painter in â€Å"2 B R 0 2 B† gives insight to the overall theme of willful ignorance in the dystopian society through his reflection of his mural, his talk with Leora Duncan, and his reaction during the climax. The mural that the painter is creating is named â€Å"The Happy Garden of Life,† a name that the painter is not too keen on.

Teen Pregnancy And The Teenage Pregnancy Rates - 2094 Words

Pregnancy and parenthood is a significantly life- altering event that anyone could experience. These two life events inquire not only physical but mental obstacles. What happens when these events occur when your body is not physically developed and your mental maturity is not fully ripened? This happens too often amongst the teen age population. In the United States, teen pregnancies are the highest when compared to other developed countries. Teen births account for 10% of all births in the United States. (NCHS) While the only way to solve this issue is to educate teens on prevention, Hispanics continue to have the highest teen pregnancy rates because lack of financial resources, lack of formal sexual education, and cultural beliefs. With Hispanic teenagers accounting for over a quarter of teenage pregnancy there are many factors affecting the Hispanic communities and families that cause these numbers to be so high. And at 53% of Hispanic females becoming pregnant at least once by the time they are 20 years old is an extremely large percentage that causes the Hispanic populace to have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the country. Poverty is another root of teenage pregnancy among Hispanic youth. What has been seen in history in the U.S. is the endless spiral that faces families that are in poverty. When one young woman becomes pregnant her child if female has a 22% increased chance of becoming a pregnant teenager herself. With this comes the possibility ofShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy And Teenage Pregnancy Rates940 Words   |  4 PagesStudies show that black and Latina girls have that highest teenage pregnancy rate compared to other races of girls. Black and Latina girls are more than twice as likely as white or indian girls to become pregnant before they leave adolescence.While dramatic declines among Hispanic and black teens (51 percent and 44 percent, respectively) have helped reduce gaps, birth rates remain twice as high for these teens nationally compared with white teens .It varies all across the U.S. and even county by countyRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : The Highest Rate Of Teen Pregnancy1666 Words   |  7 PagesTeen Pregnancy The United States has the highest rate of teen pregnancy of most industrialized nations. According to a 2014 article, in 2013 nearly 273,105 babies were born to women aged 15-19 years, for a live birth rate of 26.5 per 1,000 women in this age group. This is a record low for U.S. teens in this age group, and a drop of 10% from 2012. Birth rates fell 13% for women aged 15–17 years, and 8% for women aged 18–19 years. Still, the U.S. teen pregnancy rate is substantially higher thanRead MoreLiterature Review On Teen Pregnancy1254 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage Pregnancy Introduction Teenage pregnancy in the U.S is a major issue given the number of teens between age 15 and 19 years giving birth. The average teen pregnancy rate in America is about 57 per 1000 teens in 2010 (Knox 1). This has decreased to about 47 per 1000 teens, but at the state level, some states such as Texas have higher averages. Currently, the state of Texas recorded a rate of 73 teenage pregnancies per 1000 females aged between 15 and 19 years (Sayegh et al. 95). The main causeRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1546 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. Low-income communities have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the United States. Because of the fact that this is a very controversial issue in the United States, it is very important that most questions be addressed. Questions like, why is a teenage girl in Mississippi four times as likely to give birth as a teenage girl in New Hampshire? Or why is the teen birth rate in Massachusetts 19Read MoreThe Dilemma of a Pregnant Teenage In the world of today, one of the most predominant controversies,1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dilemma of a Pregnant Teenage In the world of today, one of the most predominant controversies, we have been facing for decades is ‘Teenage Pregnancy’. Teenage pregnancy, affects different aspects of life, the newborn, mother and family of the teenagers involved. Few people believe that the society should be reprimanded. But I believe the society, should not take all the blame. In spite of societal blames, teens having unprotected/protected sex and getting pregnant are personal decisions. ThereRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is A Public Health Issue1637 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage birth rates, defined as live births per one thousand 15-19-year-old US females, declined by 10% from 2012 to 2013 from 29.4 to 26.5. In fact, the birth rate has been on a steady decline over the past 20 years, from 61.8 in 1991 to 26.5 in 2013. Teenage pregnancy represents both a health and social inequality in our society. Specifically, teenage childbearing is a public health issue because teenage mothers are more likely to experience negative social outcomes such as dropping out of schoolRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Is An Issue For A Plethora Of Reasons1344 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage pregnancy is an issue for a plethora of reasons. For example, there are many health risks for the mother and the baby that come along with teenage pregnancy. Although most pregnancies are accidents, this one accident can cause a complete change in the father and mother’s lives. One may ask, is teenage pregnancy on the rise? Luckily, it isn’t. Just in 2013, â€Å"there were 26.6 births for every 1,000 adolescent females ages 15-19, or 274,641 babies born to females in this age group† (â€Å"Teen Births†)Read MoreThe Issue Of Teen Pregnancy1722 Words   |  7 Pagesissues that women face in the United States is teen pregnancy which is still an enormous problem that needs to be addressed. The rates are still higher than they were only a decade ago. Becoming a parent permanently and profoundly alters a teenager s life. Most of the girls forget about their dreams of happy marriage, and become mothers at very early age. College is almost always out of the question, graduating High School becomes a goal most teenage moms don t achieve. Young girls having babiesRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy : A Social Issue1551 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy rates have been declining in the United States, but when compared to pregnancy rates in other in dustrial countries such as Canada and the United Kingdom they are still relatively high. (Office of Adolescent Health, 2016). Teenage pregnancy is defined by UNICEF, as an adolescent between the ages of thirteen to nineteen becoming pregnant. (UNICEF Malaysia Communications). Teenage pregnancy is viewed as a social issue because of the way it affects a country’s economy, the mother andRead More Views on Teens Pregnancies Through the Years Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesThe Views on Teens Pregnancies Through the Years There are many different attributes to teenage pregnancy. The majority of teenagers do not realize the consequences of their actions. Taking that into consideration the influences of the teens are highly important during the pre teen stage all the way to adult hood. During the time of this impressionable stage many of the teens are having sex not because of love, but because it is a trend. The media is glamorizing teen pregnancy and leading to a cultural

What Are the Risks of an Extended Supply Chain Free Essays

What are the risks of an extended supply chain? In order to remain competitive, a company must offer superior quality goods or services at the lowest prices possible. Supply chain enables a company to reduce the cost while increasing the efficiency. However, there are risks that are associated with such benefits. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Risks of an Extended Supply Chain? or any similar topic only for you Order Now These issues should be properly addressed when a company is trying to rely heavily on supply chain management in order to stay competitive within its industry. A company is exposed to risk by sharing confidential information to its vendors. For example, Apple recently reported that arts and specs for both the iPhone 5 and the iPad mini leaked out well before their release dates. Apple accused its vendors for information leak. â€Å"Apple’s security practices are targeted marking sure US employees don’t leak stuff, but everything comes out from China now. † A company is held accountable for its vendors being socially responsible. This includes making sure that vendors do not employ minors. For example, Nestle’s cocoa supplier, Ivory Coast, failed to pass the Fair Labor Association’s inspection because it employed children to process cocoa. Nestle’s held accountable for Ivory Coast’s violation of FLA, it will seriously damage the company’s image as well as its profits. While a proper supply chain management produces cost effective products, there is a setback as it is difficult to quality control products that a vendor produces from oversea. For example, in 2007, Toys R Us vendor Mattel produced 83 products containing lead based paint, which is hazardous to health. Consequently, Toys R Us had to recall 967,000 affected toys from reaching consumers. A natural disaster or political instability of a vendor’s country could affect a company’s operation. For example, Dallas-based Texas Instruments said late Monday that it had suffered substantial damage to its production plant in Miho, Japan and slight damage to its Aizu-wakamatsu plant. Both facilities are located north of Tokyo in the areas most affected by the disaster. The company makes silicon wafers at its Miho plant, which are the thin pieces of silicon glass used to manufacture microchips. In conclusion, for those companies that rely heavily on extended supply chain management to remain lucrative should consider the following strategies to avoid the risks mentioned above. First, a company should have more flexibility. Flexibility, in this context, means that a company should incorporate a vendor-auditing program to make sure that it is meeting your standard. Second, a company should only share non-confidential information to its vendors to prevent them from compromising vital information. Lastly, a company should have multiple vendors to run a project in case one vendor fails to complete the project on timely manner. These are the key preventive strategy to avoid or mitigate the risks of a supply chain management. How to cite What Are the Risks of an Extended Supply Chain?, Essay examples

Towards the Conceptualization of a Nonâ€Linear ISD Model

Introduction Over the years, a multiplicity of instructional design models have been suggested, and many of these models have been incorporated into mainstream educational institutions for purposes of aiding instruction and directing the learning process. In their study on developing a multimedia package for teaching qualitative research, Colon et al (2000), noted that over 200 instructional design models have been proposed and indeed published in some of the widely read educational literature.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Towards the Conceptualization of a Non–Linear ISD Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many of the models, however, are oriented towards behaviorist and constructivist theories of learning, leading to accusations and counter-accusations by a number of leading scholars that the models impede the true nature and scope of learning not only due to their behaviorist point of ref erence, but also due to their signature top-down linear and sequential processes (Colon et al., 2000). In the light of the above and other accusations, this paper aims to demonstrate how a non-liner instructional systems design (ISD) model can be conceptualized for instruction. Why a Non-Linear ISD Model Existing literature demonstrates that employing an ISD model can be helpful to instructional designers in assisting them to systematically identify what is to be taught, establish the best teaching methodologies that can be used, and appraise the instruction to determine its effectiveness in fulfilling the tasks and objectives for which it is intended (Kanuka Anderson, 1999). The Instructional Systems Design Model developed in 1996 by Dick and Carey has indeed proved to be popular among instructional designers in providing a framework through which instruction is provided to learners. This particular model is solidly â€Å"†¦based on one form of systems theory, as well as beh avioral and information processing theories of learning† (Colon et al., 2000, para. 12). However, due to the convergence of technology, changes in the education system, and new and unique needs projected by learners, this and other linear models for instruction design continue to attract criticism from various quarters. According to Gayeski (1998), inadequacies and ineffectiveness exhibited by these models, especially in learning and performance improvement environments has called their practicability into question.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Critics have also faulted the sequential, systematic, teacher-led, and top-down approach employed by linear ISD models largely due to the fact that they relegate learners to the role of passive participants, not mentioning the fact that most of these models do not provide room for innovation and active feedback (Colon et al, 2 000). While it is critically important for educators to clearly identify the learning objectives and systematically sequence them from least complex to the most complex (Kanuka Anderson, 1999), the linear approach employed locks out many students from applying the knowledge learnt to solve contemporary practical solutions by virtue of the fact that learning objectives exist irrespective of the contributions made by the learner. The models are further criticized for assuming an overly behaviorist and constructivist orientation in instruction and ignoring other methodologies that can effectively be used to transfer knowledge (Mergel, 1998). There is, therefore, a compelling need to devise non-linear ISD models to ensure optimal transfer of practical knowledge from the educator to the student. Model Phases and Linkages The conceptualized ISD model heavily relies on R2D2 model developed in 1995 by Willis and Merrill’s First Principles of Instruction developed by David Merrill (C olon et al., 2000; Merrill, 2002). The model has 6 phases, namely, problem identification, recursion, reflection, activation, participatory application, and integration. The problem-centered ISD model first identifies the problem and develops a set of objectives used to solve the problem. The set of objectives developed in this model are likely to change depending on the needs of individual learners, hence the need to create a link between the problem identification and the recursion and reflection phases (see appendix 1). According to Merrill (2002), â€Å"†¦learning is activated when learners are engaged in solving real-world problems† (p. 43). The recursion phase will aim to specifically allow instruction designers and learners to revisit any phase included in the model to make refinements, corrections, and revisions as deemed necessary. This will actively promote the learning process in addition to ensuring holistic integration of new knowledge by the learners. This phase is also linked to problem identification phase, reflection phase and integration phase.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Towards the Conceptualization of a Non–Linear ISD Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The next phase – reflection – is intended to emphasize the need for the instruction designers to considerately inquire about feedback and other arising notions from other sources, including the learners’ own perceptions, worldviews and level of understanding (Cohen et al., 2000). Further on, activation phase will take cognizance of the fact that â€Å"learning is promoted when relevant previous experience is activated† (Merrill, 2002, p. 46). Many learners have had many previous experiences that may relate to the task at hand and, as such, relevant information should be activated by going back to the reflection phase to ensure this information is elicited fo r use as groundwork for learning new knowledge. The participatory application phase is where real learning takes place. This phase takes note of the fact that it is the learners who will utilize the knowledge transferred by educators, and they must therefore be active participants in the learning process (Cohen et al., 2002). As such, this phase will also be linked with other phases such as problem identification and reflection to guarantee the involvement of learners. In this phase, educators must develop frameworks aimed at ensuring that learning process is consistent with the identified methodologies of solving the problem, and that learners have the capacity to utilize the new knowledge in solving practical problems. The integration phase will focus on ensuring that learners have the capacity to integrate the knowledge transferred by the educators to solve their everyday problems (Merrill, 2002). This phase will also be linked with reflection and recursion phases to ensure all a rising queries from the learners are adequately attended to (see appendix 1). Model Outputs The outputs for problem identification phase include the objectives and the methodologies that will be used to solve the underlying problem. The recursion phase will generate problem refinements, corrections, and revisions as may be deemed necessary. The reflection phase will generate feedback from instructors and students, and learners’ perceptions and worldviews concerning the problem at hand.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The activation phase will aim to come up with quantifiable measures that can be used to evaluate the capacity of learners to grasp and relate to the problem at hand, while the participatory application phase will generate the actual results of the learning process, including how the learner has understood the problem and if there is need to make clarifications. The outputs arising from the integration phase include the practical demonstration by learners on how they can use the knowledge learnt to solve real-life problems, and the capacity by learners to link the knowledge learnt to other life experiences. Structure of Model The model utilizes a non-linear structure to avoid the many problems associated with linear ISD models. This particular model realizes that different problems may call for diverse starting points, and new objectives may indeed emerge over the design process (Cohen et al., 2002). As such, it is important to create mechanisms for adequately address arising issues that are largely ignored in linear models. Conclusion The need to conceptualize and develop a non-linear ISD model is very much informed by the urge to come up with practical solutions to the many challenges facing instruction especially in contemporary times. Learners need to be assisted to solve practical solutions using an instruction strategy that is responsive to their needs, and that realizes their participation is important for effective learning to take place. In addition, the complex nature of modern problems and instruction have rendered most linear ISD models ineffective due to entrenched limitations in scope and practicability in offering an instruction methodology that can assist learners to relate what has been learned to real-life experiences (Merrill, 2002). The conceptualized non-linear ISD model will not only ensure that learners can use new knowledge to solve practical issues, but it will avail platforms for recursion and participatory application. Appendix 1: An Illustration of Non-Linear ISD Model References Colon, B., Taylor, K.N., Willis, J. (2000). Constructivist instructional design: Creating a multimedia package for teaching critical research. The Qualitative Research, 5(1-2). Web. Gayeski, D.M. (1998). Out-of-the box instructional design: Moving from assembly-line models to non-linear performance models. Web. Kanuka, H., Anderson, T. (1999). Using constructivism in Technology-Mediated Learning: Constructing the Order out of the Chaos in the Literature. Web. Mergel, B. (1998). Instructional Design Learning Theory. Web. Merrill, M.D. (2002). First principles of Instruction. ETRD, 50(3), 43-59. Web. This research paper on Towards the Conceptualization of a Non–Linear ISD Model was written and submitted by user Nadia Horton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.